For qualitative data, if the list can be sorted naturally, we further specify it as an ordinal variable. A variable is said to be continuous if it can take on any value in an interval. A more technological way is for Lisa to first list the last names of the members of her class together with a two-digit number, as in Table \(\PageIndex{2}\): Lisa can use a table of random numbers (found in many statistics books and mathematical handbooks), a calculator, or a computer to generate random numbers. Press ENTER and record that number. The colors red, black, black, green, and gray are qualitative data. If you sample without replacement, then the chance of picking the first person is ten out of 25, and then the chance of picking the second person (who is different) is nine out of 24 (you do not replace the first person). It only contains finite values, the subdivision of which is not possible. This is true even when the samples are well-chosen and representative of the population. It is further classified as discrete data and continuous data. Below are tables comparing the number of part-time and full-time students at De Anza College and Foothill College enrolled for the spring 2010 quarter. Dynamic models of epidemiology in discrete time taking into account state whether the data is continous or discrete The durations of The data are continuous because the data can take Press ENTER. Why or why not? Solved State whether the data described below are discrete - Chegg The following graph is the same as the previous graph but the Other/Unknown percent (9.6%) has been included. A discrete data set because there are a finite number of possible values. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and You should ask the doubt there and then clear it, analyze it and work on it. Displaying percentages along with the numbers is often helpful, but it is particularly important when comparing sets of data that do not have the same totals, such as the total enrollments for both colleges in this example. Determine whether the value is from a discrete or continuous It is from a discrete data set because the number of possible values is infinite and countable. If we were to examine two samples representing the same population, even if we used random sampling methods for the samples, they would not be exactly the same. Can I get some help? 10. Qualitative data tells about the perception of people. Age is discrete data because we could be infinitely precise and use an infinite number of decimal places, rendering age continuous as a result. Show More. The sample probably consists more of people who prefer music because it is a concert event. One gym has 12 machines, one gym has 15 machines, one gym has ten machines, one gym has 22 machines, and the other gym has 20 machines. Both samples are biased. These kinds of data are also known as Numerical data. They both did. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. Have some sleep, its important. Data that takes distinct values and cannot be in decimals is called discrete data. Solved State whether the data described below are discrete - Chegg It is not possible to measure qualitative data in terms of numbers and it is subdivided into nominal and ordinal data. The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. 1. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. In one study, eight 16 ounce cans were measured and produced the following amount (in ounces) of beverage: 15.8; 16.1; 15.2; 14.8; 15.8; 15.9; 16.0; 15.5. Self-funded or self-interest studies: A study performed by a person or organization in order to support their claim. Each student is chosen using simple random sampling. The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. That is, once a member is picked, that member goes back into the population and thus may be chosen more than once. answer below. You should know how to manage your time and utilize it in the best way possible. O C. A. 4 Types of Data - Nominal, Ordinal, Discrete, Continuous A. Step One: Master the Foundational Knowledge. Discrete is data that can take only certain values. a chemical reaction comma repeated several times Choose the correct according to measurement accuracy, it can be significantly subdivided into smaller sections. Note: randInt(0, 30, 3) will generate 3 random numbers. For some students, it might feel difficult as it involves logical thinking and mathematics but its a great option for those who love solving and putting their minds all into logic. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2992ec2e151da5 The class boundaries are 10 to less than 13, 13 to less than 16, 16 to less than 19, 19 to less than 22, and 22 to less than 25. An administrative assistant is asked to stand in front of the library one Wednesday and to ask the first 100 undergraduate students he encounters what they paid for tuition the Fall semester. In polling, samples that are from 1,200 to 1,500 observations are considered large enough and good enough if the survey is random and is well done. The result of the rolling is a dice is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Statistics and Probability questions and answers, state whether the data is continous or discrete The durations of Instead, we use a sample of the population. This variability in samples cannot be stressed enough. We are interested in the average amount of money a part-time student spends on books in the fall term. The name nominal comes from the Latin name nomen, which means name. With the help of nominal data, we cant do any numerical tasks or cant give any order to sort the data. O C. The two numbers are for two of the columns. Answered: State whether the data described below | bartleby State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. To choose a simple random sample of size three from the other members of her class, Lisa could put all 31 names in a hat, shake the hat, close her eyes, and pick out three names. Create a systematic sample of 12 quiz scores. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. Ducks in a pond are discrete data because the number of ducks is a finite number. Number the population 120,000 and then use a simple random sample to pick a number that represents the first name in the sample. These data consist of audio, images, symbols, or text. Ungrouped frequency distribution of discrete data is performed against a single value. Record these numbers. Results are the outcome of our efforts and if you believe that you have put your best, then you will surely be able to score good marks. For column 1, Press 5:randInt( and enter 1,10). A type of sampling that is non-random is convenience sampling. Do not automatically assume that the study is good, but do not automatically assume the study is bad either. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Sample size issues: Samples that are too small may be unreliable. These values do not have to be complete numbers, but they are values that are fixed. We need to evaluate the statistical studies we read about critically and analyze them before accepting the results of the studies. Since this is the case, sampling without replacement is approximately the same as sampling with replacement because the chance of picking the same individual more than once with replacement is very low. Amount of money, pulse rate, weight, number of people living in your town, and number of students who take statistics are examples of quantitative data. Points in a graph of the discrete function remain unconnected. Since these samples are not representative of the entire population, is it wise to use the results to describe the entire population? These values do not have to be complete numbers, but they are values that are fixed. What type of data is this? The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. A. How to differentiate the obtained results as discrete and continuous data? The durations of a chemical reaction comma repeated . In a college population of 10,000 people, suppose you want to pick a sample of 1,000 randomly for a survey. Measurements of the amount of beverage in a 16-ounce can may vary because different people make the measurements or because the exact amount, 16 ounces of liquid, was not put into the cans. State whether the data described below are discrete or - JustAnswer The term discrete means distinct or separate. There are distinct or different values in discrete data. Number each department, and then choose four different numbers using simple random sampling. We have grown leaps and bounds to be the best Online Tuition Website in India with immensely talented Vedantu Master Teachers, from the most reputed institutions. You'll find career guides, tech tutorials and industry news to keep yourself updated with the fast-changing world of tech and business. The number of books in a rack is a finite countable number. The exact lengths (in kilometers) of the ocean coastlines of different countries. A discrete variable, on the other hand, can only take on specific values. Qualitative data are generally described by words or letters. Conduct the survey by sitting in Central Park on a bench and interviewing every person who sits next to you. You will learn why when you study confidence intervals. To choose a systematic sample, randomly select a starting point and take every nth piece of data from a listing of the population. Discrete data. A bar graph is appropriate to compare the relative size of the categories. A. B. Each undergraduate student in the fall semester has the same probability of being chosen at any stage of the sampling process. (We assume that these are the only disciplines in which part-time students at ABC College are enrolled and that an equal number of part-time students are enrolled in each of the disciplines.) There are two types of data: Qualitative and Quantitative data, which are further classified into: Now business runs on data, and most companies use data for their insights to create and launch campaigns, design strategies, launch products and services or try out different things. The station wants to know if its audience would prefer more music or more talk shows. Scott Keeter et al., Gauging the Impact of Growing Nonresponse on Estimates from a National RDD Telephone Survey, Public Opinion Quarterly 70 no. You go to the supermarket and purchase three cans of soup (19 ounces) tomato bisque, 14.1 ounces lentil, and 19 ounces Italian wedding), two packages of nuts (walnuts and peanuts), four different kinds of vegetable (broccoli, cauliflower, spinach, and carrots), and two desserts (16 ounces Cherry Garcia ice cream and two pounds (32 ounces chocolate chip cookies). In other words, each sample of the same size has an equal chance of being selected. To find the average annual income of all adults in the United States, sample U.S. congressmen. However, in the real world age is often treated as a discrete variable because it makes more sense when collecting data and when reporting the results of a study. A sample that is not representative of the population is biased. The other examples of qualitative data are : Difference between Nominal and Ordinal Data, Difference between Discrete and Continuous Data, 22 Top Data Science Books Learn Data Science Like an Expert, PGP In Data Science and Business Analytics, PGP In Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning, Nominal data cant be quantified, neither they have any intrinsic ordering, Ordinal data gives some kind of sequential order by their position on the scale, Nominal data is qualitative data or categorical data, Ordinal data is said to be in-between qualitative data and quantitative data, They dont provide any quantitative value, neither can we perform any arithmetical operation, They provide sequence and can assign numbers to ordinal data but cannot perform the arithmetical operation, Nominal data cannot be used to compare with one another, Ordinal data can help to compare one item with another by ranking or ordering, Discrete data are countable and finite; they are whole numbers or integers, Continuous data are measurable; they are in the form of fractions or decimal, Discrete data are represented mainly by bar graphs, Continuous data are represented in the form of a histogram, The values cannot be divided into subdivisions into smaller pieces, The values can be divided into subdivisions into smaller pieces, Discrete data have spaces between the values, Continuous data are in the form of a continuous sequence, Opinion on something (agree, disagree, or neutral), Colour of hair (Blonde, red, Brown, Black, etc. Be aware that many large samples are biased. Press ENTER 2 more times (even the repeats). a. For accuracy, carry the decimal answers to four decimal places. O A. Again, you sample the same five students. the chance of picking the first person is 1,000 out of 10,000 (0.1000); the chance of picking a different second person for this sample is 999 out of 10,000 (0.0999); the chance of picking the same person again is 1 out of 10,000 (very low). Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. the number of classes you take per school year. The data are continuous because the data can take The weights of the soups (19 ounces, 14.1 ounces, 19 ounces) are quantitative continuous data because you measure weights as precisely as possible. The examples you have seen in this book so far have been small. Two graphs that are used to display qualitative data are pie charts and bar graphs. Discrete data: When numerical data has values that are countable and specific to a particular category, it is called discrete data. As you become accustomed to sampling, the variability will begin to seem natural. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The percent columns make comparing the same categories in the colleges easier. Difference Between Continuous and Discrete Data, Questions on Discrete Data Continuous Data. The measure of ZQ is 10 less than the measure of LP. Each travels 2 miles, then changes direction and travels 1.2 miles. Researchers often prefer to use quantitative data over qualitative data because it lends itself more easily to mathematical analysis. If you and your friends carry backpacks with books in them to school, the numbers of books in the backpacks are discrete data and the weights of the backpacks are continuous data. B. No. Data are individual items of information that come from a population or sample. Now, suppose we take a third sample. Also read: 22 Top Data Science Books Learn Data Science Like an Expert. The list of fruit is nominal. Asking all 20,000 listeners is an almost impossible task. If she needed to, Lisa could have generated more random numbers. The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. Doreen and Jung each take samples of 500 students. Surely, you can get all the study material on Vedantu mobile app- learn live online. Continuous data are in the form of fractional numbers. These data dont have any meaningful order; their values are distributed into distinct categories. It includes only those values which are separate and can only be counted in whole numbers or integers, which means that the data can not be split into fractions or decimals. Factors not related to the sampling process cause nonsampling errors. Systematic sampling is frequently chosen because it is a simple method. . The data are discrete because the data can take on any value in an interval. We choose ten different part-time students from the disciplines of chemistry, math, English, psychology, sociology, history, nursing, physical education, art, and early childhood development. Therefore this is discrete data. You are going to use the random number generator to generate different types of samples from the data. We may prefer not to think of 10,00,100 and 10,00,102 as crucially different values, but instead as nearby points on an approximate continuum. Statistical data needs to be critically analyzed, not simply accepted. Manufacturers regularly run tests to determine if the amount of beverage in a 16-ounce can falls within the desired range. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and Finite values have discrete data. Each student in the following samples is asked how much tuition he or she paid for the Fall semester. If you count the number of phone calls you receive for each day of the week, you might get values such as zero, one, two, or three. You must choose 400 names for the sample. Another example is learning how to use calculators. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Position 1 is less than the distance from G to H in Position 2. The total number of students in a class is an example of discrete data. B.The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. Now business runs on data, and most companies use data for their insights to create and launch campaigns, design strategies, launch products and services or try out different things. The data are continuous because the data can only take on specific values. c. Most statisticians use various methods of random sampling in an attempt to achieve this goal. Solution: - Data : The capacities of different hotels. Here are a few steps to prepare well for your exam which has statistics as a part of the course. In reality, a sample will never be exactly representative of the population so there will always be some sampling error. If you feel tired at the moment, even that too is fine. Press ENTER. Try this experiment twice. Indicate whether quantitative data are continuous or discrete. the distance it is from your home to the nearest grocery store. A soccer coach selects six players from a group of boys aged eight to ten, seven players from a group of boys aged 11 to 12, and three players from a group of boys aged 13 to 14 to form a recreational soccer team. A. Neither would be wrong, however. Solved state whether the data is continous or discrete The | Chegg.com For example, call-in surveys are invariably biased, because people choose to respond or not. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. Books for these classes tend to be expensive. I want to study the topic of Statistics for my college-level exams? Sleep deprivation is of no use, instead, you should take a nap to relax the nerves of your brain in order to learn and study later. 4. Doreen's sample will be different from Jung's sample. Larger samples are better, if possible. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. It is countable. Surveys are typically done without replacement. State whether the data described below are discrete or continuous and explain why The amounts of time that different - Answered by a verified Tutor . Number of bacteria in a petri dish is 12,120. b. The numbers of programs installed on various computers ANSWERA.) According to a report, today, at least2.5 quintillion bytes of data are produced per day. Ans: Ducks in a pond are discrete data because the number of ducks is a finite number. The results of convenience sampling may be very good in some cases and highly biased (favor certain outcomes) in others. Determine whether the data are from discrete data or continuous data set. Record the three quiz scores in column one that correspond to these three numbers. Indicate whether quantitative data are continuous or discrete. The duration of movies in minutes A.The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific values. QUESTIONState whether the data described below are discrete or continuous, and explain why. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. on any value in an interval . The data are continuous because the data can only take on specific values. Quantitative data are the result of counting or measuring attributes of a population. A completely random method is used to select 75 students. Frequently Asked Questions, Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, www.people-press.org/methodolwer-your-polls (accessed May 1, 2013). Compare the fractions 9/25 and 9/24. and it is subdivided into nominal and ordinal data. Q: Classify the Following as Discrete and Continuous Data. It can be the version of an android phone, the height of a person, the length of an object, etc. O C. The data are continuous because the data can. Hint: Data that are discrete often start with the words "the number of." the number of pairs of shoes you own. Doreen uses systematic sampling and Jung uses cluster sampling. 8. For example, in the case of statistics, algebra is a good option to learn before starting your statistics course. Other well-known random sampling methods are the stratified sample, the cluster sample, and the systematic sample. In the graph, the percentages add to more than 100% because students can be in more than one category. The chart in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\) is organized by the size of each wedge, which makes it a more visually informative graph than the unsorted, alphabetical graph in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\). No. Q: State whether the data below are discrete or continuous, explain why. Step 2: Discrete and continuous data. What is the type of sampling in each case? All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. A pollster interviews all human resource personnel in five different high tech companies. This is important to know when we think about what the data are telling us. It may take any numeric value, within a potential value range of finite or infinite. The continuous data can be broken down into fractions and decimals, i.e. The data are discrete because the data can . It might sound a bit weird but do not burden yourself with new topics before the exam. Continuous data. Record the number. Data is classified into 4 types. we conducted an additional simulated control chart analysis to determine whether detection of this normal . the data can only take on specific values . First, we use convenience sampling and survey ten students from a first term organic chemistry class. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. O C. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. Divide into groups of two, three, or four. Three cell phone towers form APQR. There are no strict rules concerning which graphs to use. This page titled 1.2: Variables and Types of Data is shared under a CC BY 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. It is understandable that it must be making you feel nervous right now but your emotions are valid! In each form of random sampling, each member of a population initially has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. The option "B" is correct i.e. And this is the reason why most students find it to be an interesting subject. The job of the statistician is to see through the variability and draw appropriate conclusions. Discrete vs. Continuous Data: Differences & Examples . Qualitative or Categorical Data is data that cant be measured or counted in the form of numbers. Divide 84 a money box contains 1 coins, 2 coins, 5 coins and 10 coins 10 coins is four times the number of 1 coins. Suppose ABC College has 10,000 part-time students (the population). Additional Resources The data are discrete because the data can only take on specific . Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. To four decimal places, these numbers are not equivalent. Making a schedule/timetable or studying together with your peers may help you in focusing and keep you active. The data are the number of machines in a gym. Quantitative data can be used for statistical manipulation. Ordinal data have natural ordering where a number is present in some kind of order by their position on the scale. If there is a repeat press ENTER again. Self-selected samples: Responses only by people who choose to respond, such as call-in surveys, are often unreliable. c. The data are continuous because the data can take on any value in an interval. The Pareto chart has the bars sorted from largest to smallest and is easier to read and interpret. a. stratified; b. systematic; c. simple random; d. cluster; e. convenience. the number of data values is increased), their sample results (the average amount of time a student sleeps) might be closer to the actual population average. 2013 - 2023 Great Lakes E-Learning Services Pvt. The second sample is a group of senior citizens who are, more than likely, taking courses for health and interest. The data are the weights of backpacks with books in them. The numbers of hotels in cities Choose the correct answer below. Biased samples that are not representative of the population give results that are inaccurate and not valid. Press 5:randInt( and enter 1, 60). Great Learning's Blog covers the latest developments and innovations in technology that can be leveraged to build rewarding careers. It is also important to know what kind of plot is suitable for which data category; it helps in data analysis and visualization. Types of soups, nuts, vegetables and desserts are qualitative data because they are categorical. 2. The second sample is taken using a list of senior citizens who take P.E. Then choose every fiftieth name thereafter until you have a total of 400 names (you might have to go back to the beginning of your phone list). These data can be represented on a wide variety of graphs and charts, such as bar graphs, histograms, scatter plots, boxplots, pie charts, line graphs, etc. Evaluate it on its merits and the work done. To find the average GPA of all students in a university, use all honor students at the university as the sample. OOO O A. O A. Create a stratified sample by column. Notice how much larger the percentage for part-time students at Foothill College is compared to De Anza College. . 5 (2006). It is from a continuousdata set because 218+ Consultants 4.7 Satisfaction rate A study is done to determine the average tuition that San Jose State undergraduate students pay per semester. b. on any value in an interval . The prison populations of different countries ha Choose the correct answer below. To find out the most popular cereal among young people under the age of ten, stand outside a large supermarket for three hours and speak to every twentieth child under age ten who enters the supermarket. If they are not, discuss the reasons. Besides the chemistry course, some of them are also taking first-term calculus. Misleading use of data: improperly displayed graphs, incomplete data, or lack of context. The data are the colors of backpacks. It is not possible to measure qualitative data in terms of. This data helps market researchers understand the customers tastes and then design their ideas and strategies accordingly.
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