religion anthropology quizlet

holistic perspective. These range from greeting rituals to elaborate and highly complex governmental and national rituals. Rite of Passage | Cultural Anthropology | | Course Hero A few look beyond human nature to that of other animals, for analogues or precursors to religion. The surface area $S$ of the body of an average person 4 feet tall who weighs $w \mathrm{lb}$ changes at the rate $S^{\prime}(w)=110 w^{-0.575} \mathrm{in}^2 / \mathrm{lb}$ (typical of the transitional stage. It is then worn for 10 minutes-the boy cannot feel his arm because of the venom and may shake uncontrollably for days after. Our courses and research also address the questions of discipline, virtue, and emotion. Beginnings in ritual studies. - A founder of the functionalist school of anthropology. At the end of the ritual process, the participants emerge with a new identity. Imitative or sympathetic rituals are rituals in which participants ceremonially remember or symbolically reenact special events in a religious traditions sacred past. Cultural Universal. Liminality-limbo between states Practice Quiz for Overview of Anthropology - Palomar College Powers that are not human or subject to the laws of nature. Your chapter provides several reasons that animals are important as symbols, how do Structuralists see them? Common elements in these include a ritual bath, ascetic practices like fasting, repetition of certain prayers, a period of solitude, and sacrificial offerings. archaeology. An ethnographer unfamiliar with the language of the host society is more likely to find a male interpreter (bridge the gap among men) + vitality and its transformation + sexually egalitarian, Thought of ritual as a performance planned or improvised that effects the transformation life to an alternative context within which the everyday is transformed 3. General term encompassing curers (witch doctors), mediums, spiritualists, astrologers, palm readers, and other diviners. In what century did this expansion of the materials included in studies of mythology occur? European intellects, rise of fundamentalism, science. What is the similarities of sociology and anthropology? There are certain aspects and parts of ritual that can be found throughout the religious cultures of the world. Anthropological Theories of Religion (Chapter 17) - The Cambridge Communitas describes the unstructured, egalitarian, human relatedness. The more indigenous and traditional a religion, the more its rituals are presentational. A religious ritual is a prescribed, routinized, and ceremonial action or set of actions, the function of which is symbolic and has specific significance to the performer and the performers community. Evaluate the operating cash flow of Steven Corporation. T/F: All societies have a word that translates roughly as "religion." Placed a premium on hard work and profit. an approach to anthropology studying human societies as systematic sums of their parts, as integrated wholes. During the liminal state, which can last from a few hours to days or weeks, the youth are separated from the rest of the society and undergo a process whereby they are supposed to let go of their previous state of mind and prepare for their new identity as adults. Rites of passage are seen as a movement from structure to anti-structure and back again to structure. Juedo-Christian Traditions use what to encourage morality, Indigenous traditions use what to encourage morality. These formulas are, in a sense, magic . Mecam Foods, Inc. has 2,568 computer users. Englishman 1871-1958. Change in social status. + most religious buildings face east, right is then associated with warmth of the sun, left with the cold of the north 2. Answer: Sociology and Anthropology are social science disciplines that focus on studying the behavior of humans within their societies. They mediate and signify changes in individuals lives, conferring on them identity and status in their communities, taking them from one state of physical and social being to a greater one. In any of the possible two-stock portfolios, the weight of each stock in the portfolio will be 50%. Ways of explaining the "glue" that holds societies together by encouraging moral behavior. Calculate the lower of cost or market for the inventory applied separately to each item. When Anthropologists Study Religions, They Do So In An Attempt To Serve an emotional need. Practice Quiz for Overview of Anthropology No. Anthropology of religion is the study of religion in relation to other social institutionsand the comparison of religious beliefs and practices across cultures. He contends that the role of placebos in all forms of healing has been greatly underestimated. \end{array} Groups of people have particular _____. This determined male vs. female deities. When the individual who performs a ritual is a commoner or lay person, the ritual is generally a personal one. The key difference between the two social sciences is that sociology concentrates on society while anthropology focuses on culture. \text{Net income} & \$\hspace{5pt}38,000 & \text{Depreciation expense} & \$ 13,000\\ \hspace{10pt}\text{Less ending inventory (80,000 units x \$14 per unit)}&\underline{\hspace{10pt}1,120,000}\\ \text{Acquisition of land with cash } & 43,000 & \text{Payment of income tax} & 15,000\\ The ritual is typically performed to bring healing to the earth. A few look beyond human nature to that of other animals, for analogues or precursors to religion. -> rules and values serve a function of controlling behavior. Moreover, it is believed in many cultural traditions that if one undertakes vows in conjunction with rituals, the latter will be more effective. At the same time, it elevates their status within that society. & & \text { A } & \text { B } & \text { C } \\ Are rituals trans formative? We ask how secular and sacred traditions are alike and different and attend to the distinctive questions which arise from the provocations of a theory of tradition itself. ", Much of the success of traditional healers may be attributed to the kinds of conditions they treat. Prepare the cash flows from operating activities section of the statement of cash flows using the indirect method. & 1 & 10 & 9 & 8 \\ +thought of them as racially pure Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 86 The quest for justice Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by lizard2025 Terms in this set (86) What is the primary ethical duty of Khalsa Sikhs? A blessing of food actually alters the spiritual essence of the food. Anthropology Of Religion | Encyclopedia.com emphasized summarizing symbols, which represent complex sets of ideas, and elaborating metaphors, including root metaphors and key scenarios, ritual involving the manipulation of religious symbols such as prayers, offerings, and readings of sacred literature, rituals that are required to be performed, rituals that arise spontaneously, frequently in times of crisis, rituals performed on a regular basis as part of a religious calendar, rituals performed when a particular need arises, such as a marriage or a death, rituals that attempt to influence or control nature, hunting and gathering rites of intensification, rituals that influence nature in the quest for food, rituals designed to protect the safety of people engaged in dangerous activities, rituals that seek information about the unknown, healing rituals; rituals that deal with illness, accident, and death, rituals that bring about illness, accident, or death, rituals that serve to maintain the normal functioning of a community, rituals that delineate codes of proper behavior and articulate the community's worldview, rituals that accompany changes in an individual's status in society, rituals that focus on the elimination of alien customs and a return to a native way of life, gifts or even bribes, or economic exchange designed to influence the supernatural, the anthropological study of medicinal plants, each position in a series of positions, each one defined in terms of appropriate behavior, rights and obligations, and relationships to one another, the relative placement of each position in the society, a ceremony whereby a male child becomes a member of the Jewish community, the first phase of a rite of passage, in which the individual is removed from his or her former status, the second step in a rite of passage, during which several activities take place that bring about the change in status, the final phase in a rite of passage, during which the individual reenters normal society, though in a new social relationship, the state of ambiguous marginality during which the metamorphisis takes place during a rite of passage, a state in which there is a sense of equality, but the mere fact that a group of individuals is moving through the process together brings about a sense of community and camaraderie, in many traditional societies, the boys who are initiated together and form very close bonds, a specific status defined by age, such as warrior or elder, the removal of the labia minora along with the clitoris, the removal of the entire clitoris, labia minora, and labia majora and the sewing together of the remnants of the labia majora, leaving a small opening for urination and the passing of menstrual blood, an impersonal supernatural force that is found concentrated in special places in the landscape, in particular objects, and in certain people, a characteristic of most symbols: no direct connection with the thing they refer to, the ability to use symbols to refer to things and activities that are remote from the user, the feature of symbols allowing one to create a new symbol, such as a name, to refer to a new object, has a positive meaning such as prosperity and good luck, but most Americans and Europeans looking at it experience anger or dread, any five-sided figure, but generally used to refer to a five-pointed star, the symbol most clearly associated with Christianity, a word that is derived from the first letter of a series of words, a pipe through which a spirit moves from a tomb into a temple sanctuary during rituals, a religious system focusing on expressions of sacred time and space, the fusion of elements from two different cultures, instruments that are struck, shaken, or rubbed, instruments that incorporate a taut membrane or skin, instruments with taut strings that can be plucked or strummed, hit, or sawed, instruments where air is blown across or into some type of passageway, such as a pipe, the manipulation of supernatural power as a direct means of achieving an end, magic depends on the apparent association or agreement between things, things that were once in contact continue to be connected after the connection is severed, assumes there is a causal relationship between things that appear to be similar, based on the premise that things that were once in contact always maintain a connection, the practice of making an image to represent a living person or animal, which can then be killed or injured through doing things to the image, such as sticking pins into the image or burning it, fertility rituals that function to facilitate the successful reproduction of a totem animal, the belief that signs telling of a plant's medical use are somehow embedded within the structure and nature of the plant itself, an oral text that is transmitted without change; the slightest deviation from its traditional form would invalidate the magic, an object in which supernatural power resides, antisocial magic, used to interfere with the economic activities of others and to bring about illness and even death, a perceived revival of pre-Christian religious practices, techniques for obtaining information about things unknown, including events that will occur in the future, involves some type of spiritual experience such as a direct contact with a supernatural being through an altered state of consciousness, usually possession, more magical ways of doing divination, including the reading of natural events as well as the manipulation of oracular devices, refers to a specific device that is used for divination and can refer to inspiration or noninspirational forms, divination that happens without any conscious effort on the part of the individual, divination that someone sets out to do, such as reading tarot cards or examining the liver of a sacrificed animal, refers to divination through contact with the dead or ancestors, fortuitous happenings, or conditions that provide information, reading the path and form of a flight of birds, refers to chance meeting with an animal, such as a black cat crossing one's path, the examination of the entrails of sacrificed animals, the placing of bones in a fire and reading the patterns of burns and cracks to determine a response, the use of flour (as in fortune cookies) for divination, using a forked stick to locate water underground, the reading of the lines of the palm of the hand, the study of the shape and structure of the head, either fortuitous or deliberate, an altered state of consciousness in which a supernatural being (be it an ancestor, a ghost, a spirit, or a god) communicates through an individual, fortuitous in that the prophet receives information through a vision unexpectedly, without any necessary overt action on the part of the individual, the possession of a medium by a spirit who then speaks through the medium, people who undergo deliberate possession involving an overt action whereby the individual falls into a trance, painful and often life-threatening tests that a person who is suspected of guilt may be forced to undergo, such as dipping a hand into hot oil, swallowing poison, or having a red-hot knife blade pressed against some part of the body, the assumption of a causal relationship between celestial phenomenal and terrestrial ones and the influence that the stars and planets have on the lives of human beings, relatively simple forms of magical thinking that represent simple behaviors that directly bring about a simple result, such as carrying a good luck charm, receives his or her power directly from the spirit world; acquires status and abilities, such as healing, through personal communication with the supernatural during shamanic trances or altered states of consciousness, a central vertical axis that links the middle zone, the upper world, and the lower world; allows the movement of the shaman between the realm of the natural and supernatural, a technique of body movements, or magical passes, aiming to increase awareness of the energy fields that humans are made of, "the near universal methods of shamanism without a specific cultural perspective", focused on an individual, as opposed to the community, often as a self-help means of improving one's life; choose to participate and focus on what they consider the positive aspects of shamanism, as opposed to the traditionally recognized "dark side of shamanism", full-time religious specialists associated with formalized religious institutions that may be linked with kinship groups, communities, or larger political units; given religious authority by those units or by formal religious organizations, participate in activities similar to those of U.S. medical practitioners; may set bones, treat sprains with cold, or administer drugs made from native plants and other materials, specialists in the use of plant and other material as cures; may prescribe the materials to be administered or may provide the material as prescribed by a healer or diviner, someone who practices divination, a series of techniques and activities that are used to obtain information about things that are not normally knowable, a mouthpiece of the gods; communicates the words and will of the gods to his or her community and to act as an intermediary between the gods and the people, refers to individuals who have an innate ability to do evil, not depending on ritual to achieve his or her evil ends but simply willing misfortune to occur, a belief in the gratification of one's desires, a new awareness of something that exists in the environment, occurs when a person, using the technology at hand, comes up with a solution to a particular problem, the apparent movement of cultural traits from one society to another, the process of inventing a new trait through the receiving of an idea of one culture from another, the rapid change experienced by a subordinate culture as traits from a dominant culture are accepted, often at a rate that is too rapid to properly integrate the traits of the dominant culture into the subordinate culture, when the dominated society has changed so much that is has ceased to have its own distinct identity, a fusing of traits from two cultures to form something new and yet, at the same time, permit the retention of the old by subsuming the old into a new form, the dispersion of a people from their homeland, a religious or secular movement to bring about a change in society, manifesting as a result of a reaction to assimilation, develop in societies in which the cultural gap between the dominant and subordinate cultures is vast; these movements stress the elimination of the dominant culture and a return to the past, keeping the desirable elements of the dominant culture to which the society has been exposed, but with these elements now under the control of the subordinate culture, attempt to revive what is often perceived as a past golden age in which ancient customs come to symbolize the noble features and legitimacy of the repressed culture, based on a vision of change through an apocalyptic transformation, believe that a divine savior in human form will bring about the solution to the problems that exist within the society, a belief system among members of a relatively undeveloped society in which adherents practice superstitious rituals hoping to bring modern goods supplied by a more technologically advanced society, a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups that do not have a language in common, refers to the deteriorating quality of decisions made by an individual after a long session of decision making.

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religion anthropology quizlet