Deposed by the minister Shura. was Abul Fazl translated the Panch Tantra (Anwar-i-Sahili) and Faizi the story of NalDamayanti into Persian. This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. May 29, 2021 04:35 pm | Updated July 06, 2022 12:26 pm IST. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). Rajatarangini (The River of Kings) is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE. After Vikramadityas death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. Raman Menons translation bears the signature of his scholarly skills, derived from mastery of both Sanskrit and Malayalam. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. . According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. What are three different irrational numbers between the rational numbers 5 by 7 and 9 by 11? The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Rajatarangini | Sanskrit, Chronicle, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica View Answer Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. Answer: It is court chronicle that deals with the history of rulers of Kashmir. Explanation: In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Zain-ul-Abidin was also known as 'the Akbar of Kashmir'. Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work, Rajatarangini, and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Discuss, Ram Mohan Roy was given the title of Raja by. The famous story of Nala and Damayanti was also rendered into Persian by Faizi and was . This was drained by the great rishi or sage, Kashyapa, son of Marichi, son of Brahma, by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla, derived from Sanskrit (Boar's Molar), (Varaha) meaning Boar + (Mula) meaning deep or root. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Owing to the pervasive distraction of COVID-19, Malayalam readers may have missed a notable event: the first translation into their language of a 12th century Sanskrit classic, Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. Son of Lalitapida and his concubine Jayadevi. Answer: [C] Jonaraja Notes: Sultan Sikandar established a department to translate Sanskrit works into Persia and vice versa in Kashmir. It does not store any personal data. Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. Translation of " " into Persian . Nephew of Didda. Belonged to a different family from Lava's dynasty (I.95), Known for constructing a canal named Suvarnamani, Great-grandson of Shakuni and son of Shachinara's first cousin. a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the. Ramcharitmanas , accomplished it in 1969. Ruler of Kashgar (Central Asia) once attacked Kashmir with a large army. The Loharas ruled for many generations. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. Rajatarangini in Scholarship The most widely known Rajatarangini (River of Kings) - and the one on which the English translations discussed here are based - is a Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana Pandit dating to 1148-49 AD.1 It is written in verse in the Sanskrit kavya style and divided into eight cantos (or tarangas ), which number close to 8,000 . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. A Short Note On Kalhana's Rajatarangini - Unacademy It emerged in South Asia after its ancestor dialects were subtle there from the northwest inside the overdue Bronze Ag. Duke University Press publishes approximately one hundred books per year and The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). Siddha, the son of Nara, was saved from Nga's fury, because he was away from the capital at the time. Introduction: The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Cultural Life during the Sultanate Period - History Discussion They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. (With his account of the Karkota dynasty, relatively recent at the time he wrote his chronicles, Kalhana's information becomes more consistent with other sources.). Unacademy is Indias largest online learning platform. Rajatarangini is more aptly described as meta history. [6], The Gonanda dynasty ruled Kashmir for 1002 years. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. In that officials, Abul Fazi translated Ramayana into Persian. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. He stopped the killing of cows by means . 10-year-old child of Nirjitavarman; placed on throne by the Tantrins. Rajatarangini belongs. Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. Kalhana () (c. 12th century CE), a Kashmiri Brahmin, was the author of Rajatarangini, and is regarded as Kashmir's first historian. The Rajatarangini (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Rajatarangini was composed by Kalhana, scion of a noble family of Kashmir. . Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. Hari Parbat is visible in the background. Regarding the events of the past, Kalhanas search for material was truly fastidious. As history of Kashmir, it has its undoubted deficiencies in terms of conventional chronology and the complex tapestry of myth and legend that it has largely woven together as content, but then [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. He looked up a variety of epigraphic sources relating to royal eulogies, construction of temples, and land grants; he studied coins, monumental remains, family records, and local traditions. Eleven works of former scholars containing the chronicles of the kings, I have inspected, as well as the [Purana containing the] opinions of the sage Nila. How much stuff can you bring on deployment? [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. He filled his court with, Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II), According to Kalhana, the emperor Vikramditya (alias Harsha) of, Younger brother of Vikramaditya. Turn on. (Arjuna) of Mahabharata fame. Here maybe Kutumbi = kunabi (as in kurmis of UP and. Mughal contributions to literature and Music - KPSC Exam Free Notes Total loading time: 0 [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). Abu l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. He was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II in the year 1830 as he had gone to England as an envoy of the emperor. Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign. We also know about the person who built Alai Darwaza and much more about the topic. Although inaccurate in its chronology, the book still provides an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and has been widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. The Shah Mir dynasty was a dynasty that ruled the region of Kashmir in the Indian subcontinent. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Users can access their older comments by logging into their accounts on Vuukle. Who translated Mahabharata and Rajatarangini into Persian? He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle. Hence the correct answer is Option B. Uchchala's brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra's support, Harsha's grandson, who had escaped Uchchala's revolt. Eventually a Pratapaditya, a relative of Vikrmaditya (not the Shakari) became king (II.6). Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. Kalhana relates that Lalitaditya Muktapida invaded the tribes of the north and after defeating the Kambojas, he immediately faced the Tusharas. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. Became queen after the death of all male heirs. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Verse 15. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: "River of Kings") historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. Son of Lalitapida and Jayadevi, made the king by his maternal uncle Utpalaka. A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. The earliest reference to the Kambojas is around the 5th century BCE. Rajatarangini, paintings of Kalhana written by a 12th ce Answer. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. issues of East, South, and Southeast Asia, as well as a large book review Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara. There are several discrepancies between the Ashoka mentioned in Kalhana's account and the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. Son of Sukhavarman. Since the battle was motive-less for the Delhi Sultanate peace concluded between them on a condition that all the territories from Sirhind to Kashmir belong to the Shah Mir empire. [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. Medieval Literature | PDF | Persian Literature | Mughal Empire - Scribd [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. it was brilliantly prepared for the work. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Daulat Khan Lodi, Rana Sangam Singh, Zahiruddin Mohammad, Turkish and more. Verse 11. [citation needed]. Son of Jayapida and Durgi. The Shah Mir Sultanate and other South Asian polities, circa 1400 CE. [19][21] Scholars caution against accepting the allegations at face value and attributing them solely to religious bigotry. What is the best compliment to give to a girl? What literary period is the beat generation aligned with? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military empire in ancient India, founded by, After a Damodara ("of Ashoka's kula or another"), we have Hushka, Jushka and Kanishka (127147 CE) of the. And with that touchstone, Kalhanas work can truly lay claim to an important place in world literature itself. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. Answer. } Kalhana appears to made little attempt to determine the actual sequence of rule of the kings and dynasties he recorded). In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. In the first Taranga (book) of Rajatarangini, Kalhana expresses his dissatisfaction with the earlier historical books, and presents his own views on how history ought to be written:[4]. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. Indeed, in the imagined community of multilingual India, Sanskritic culture is the one indissoluble bond between Kashmir and Kerala, forever sanctified by the epoch-making mission of Keralas Shankaracharya, the enunciator of Advaita philosophy. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. Verse 14. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional . These include: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. The fate of Ali Shah is uncertain: he may have died in captivity or have been put to death by Khokhar.[28]. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in Harsha of Kashmir's court. [clarification needed], From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, Koenraad Elst: Update on the Aryan Invasion Debate 1999, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Rajatarangini&oldid=559022, Articles needing expert attention with no reason or talk parameter, Articles needing expert attention from November 2008, Articles with disputed statements from March 2012, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Persian Literature: How Kashmir Came To Be Known As 'Little Iran' He also got the Mahabharata and Rajatarangini. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. In 1574, Akbar started an Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in his new capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Badauni translated into Persian at Akbars Kavya as a genre has had a prominent place in traditional Malayalam poetics, so the austere aesthetics of Kalhanas work will strike a chord with readers, particularly those with a yen for that stimulating mixture of Sanskrit and Malayalam of yore, termed Manipravala. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana.
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